Each guide opens with the short answer, then shows the steps. Every figure links to its source, listed at the end of the page.
Start with the manufacturer: many parts are still sold, and in the EU some must be. When a part is no longer made, a maker on The Spool List can often remake it from your photos and measurements.
Look for the rating plate or label: inside the door or on the door rim of washing machines and dishwashers, inside fridges, on the back or base of small appliances and electronics, and on the frame of a bike. Photograph the whole label, then enter the model number on the manufacturer's spare-parts page. The model number identifies the product; the part number identifies the piece.
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Measure in millimetres with calipers: the overall length, width and height, every hole diameter and the distance between hole centres, the wall thickness, any thread size and pitch, and for a gear the tooth count, outside diameter and bore. Measure the intact parts, not the broken edge, and measure whatever the part clips onto as well.
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Take straight-on photos of each side, one three-quarter view, one photo with a ruler or calipers beside the part, close-ups of every clip, hole and moulded number, and one photo of where the part fits in the product. Use daylight or a bright lamp and a plain background that contrasts with the part.
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Choose by where the part lives. PLA is for indoor, cosmetic parts and test fits: Prusa says it softens above 60 °C. PETG suits most clips and brackets indoors and out below 80 °C. ASA is the outdoor choice, with UV resistance up to 93 °C. Nylon is for gears, hinges and other parts that rub or wear.
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Do not have a part remade if its failure could hurt someone: vehicle brakes, steering, suspension, seat belts, wheels and airbags; anything on a gas appliance; mains-electrical parts; pressure and high-heat parts; children's safety products; medical and mobility devices; and anything that carries a person or an overhead load. Buy certified originals and use a qualified professional.
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Compare the full repair cost (part, labour, delivery) with the price of a new product. French research cited by BEUC found people generally repair only when that stays within 20–30% of the original price; an older rule of thumb says replace above 50%. Before deciding, check your guarantee, the official part price, any local repair bonus, and whether a maker can remake a small discontinued part.
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